- Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Farakh al-Fārābi (870-950) (محمد فارابی)
- Avicenna (Abu Ali Husain ebn Abdallah Ebn-e Sina / Ibn Sina 980–1037)
- Averroës / Abū ‘l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rušd – Ibn Rušd (1126 – 1198)
Abbon de Fleury, Abbo Floriacensis (c. 945 – 1004)
Pierre Abélard / Petrus Abelardus (1079 – 1142)
Pietro Lombardo / Petrus Lombardus (1100 – )
John of Salisbury (c. 1120 – 1180)
Joachim (Gioacchino) da Fiore (1130 – 1202)
Moses Maimonides ( 1135 — 1204)
Albertus Magnus / Albert von Lauingen (c. 1200 — 1280)
Franciscans
- Francesco d’Assisi (1181/2-1226)
- Bonaventura (1217/1221 – 1274)
- Duns Scotus (c. 1266 – 1308)
- William of Ockham (1287 – 1347
Aegidius Romanus, Egidio Colonna, Gilles de Rome (c. 1243-1316)
Dante (Durante) degli Alighieri (1265 – 1321)
Thomas von Kempen, lat. Thomas a Kempis c. 1380 – 1471