Pre-liberalism
- John Locke (1632 – 1704)
- Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (1689 – 1755)
- Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)
- Anders Chydenius (1729 – 1803)
- Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
- Thomas Paine (1737 – 1809)
- Madame de Staël (1766 – 1817)
- Benjamin Constant (1767 – 1830)
- Friedrich von Humboldt (1767 – 1835)
- Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)
- John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873)
- François Guizot 1787 – 1874)
- Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856 – 1924)
- Benedetto Croce (1866 – 1952)
- Hans Kelsen (1881 -1973)
- Walter Lippmann (1889 – 1974)
- Karl Popper 1902 – 1994
- Isaiah Berlin 1909 – 1997
- John Rawls (1921 – 2002)
- Thomas Hill Green (1836 – 1882)
- Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864 – 1929)
- John Atkinson Hobson (1858 – 1940)
- John Maynard Keynes 1883 – 1946
- Ayn Rand 1905 – 1982
- Robert Nozick (1938 – 2002)
- Ludwig von Mises (1881 – 1973)
- Friedrich Hayek (1899 – 1992)
- Wilhelm Röpke (1899 – 1966)